![]() ![]() According to the Jewish historian Josephus ( Antiquities 20, 9, 1 ¶♢01–203), he was stoned to death by the Jews under the high priest Ananus II in A.D. In Acts he appears as the authorized spokesman for the Jewish Christian position in the early Church ( Acts 12:17 15:13– 21). ![]() He was the leader of the Jewish Christian community in Jerusalem whom Paul acknowledged as one of the “pillars” ( Gal 2:9). This designation most probably refers to the third New Testament personage named James, a relative of Jesus who is usually called “brother of the Lord” (see Mt 13:55 Mk 6:3). The person to whom this letter is ascribed can scarcely be one of the two members of the Twelve who bore the name James (see Mt 10:2– 3 Mk 3:17– 18 Lk 6:14– 15), for he is not identified as an apostle but only as “slave of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ” ( Jas 1:1).
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